Many programs perform this conversion to allow for data-transport, such as PGP and GNU Privacy Guard (GPG). This process is referred to as binary to text encoding. Upon safe arrival at its destination, it is then decoded back to its eight-bit form. To accomplish this, the data is encoded in some way, such that eight-bit data is encoded into seven-bit ASCII characters (generally using only alphanumeric and punctuation characters-the ASCII printable characters). It is often desirable, however, to be able to send non-textual data through text-based systems, such as when one might attach an image file to an e-mail message. For example, if the value of the eighth bit is not preserved, the program might interpret a byte value above 127 as a flag telling it to perform some function. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text. Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. In contrast, most computers store data in memory organized in eight-bit bytes. Systems based on ASCII use seven bits to represent these values digitally. For example, the capital letter A is ASCII character 65, the numeral 2 is ASCII 50, the character } is ASCII 125, and the metacharacter carriage return is ASCII 13. 2 7) unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in English, plus a selection of control codes which do not represent printable characters. With this it is possible to encode 128 (i.e. The ASCII text-encoding standard uses 7 bits to encode characters. Thus, only the 94 printable ASCII characters are "safe" to use to convey data. Those communication protocols may only be 7-bit safe (and within that avoid certain ASCII control codes), and may require line breaks at certain maximum intervals, and may not maintain whitespace. The basic need for a binary-to-text encoding comes from a need to communicate arbitrary binary data over preexisting communications protocols that were designed to carry only English language human-readable text. PGP documentation ( RFC 4880) uses the term " ASCII armor" for binary-to-text encoding when referring to Base64. These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP) or is not 8-bit clean. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text. ( September 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as Reflinks ( documentation), reFill ( documentation) and Citation bot ( documentation). Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot.
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